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Literary realism, a literary genre, is a part of the broader realism in arts that endeavors to address topics honestly, staying away from theoretical fiction and supernatural components. It started with the Realist Art movement that began with mid-nineteenth-century French literature and Russian literature. Literary realism attempts to represent familiar things as they are. Realist authors chose to depict everyday and banal activities and experiences.
The 19th century is said to be the golden era of literature in Russia. The first half was also known as the Age of Pushkin was named after the most significant poet and writer of that time Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837) he's also recognized as the "Father of Russian literature". But there was an unusual rise in Russian realistic literature in the second half of the 19th century, which was happening against the foundation of social and political distemper that began during the 1840s, under the rule of Nicholas I (1825–1855). It was the literary critic Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky (1811–1848) who proclaimed the changes: he called upon authors to practically move toward the country's social issues, like serfdom and so forth, and understand their role as critics of the social order. As cited by Thomas Gaiton Marullo, the Russian Realist Literature provided an “alternative government” to Tsarist dictates.
The themes of these novels revolve around the everyday dilemma and social problems during the time
In War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy,
The ''war'' aspect identifies with the 1812 French intrusion of Russia, while the ''peace'' concerns the existence of Russian culture against the background of that attack. The word ''peace'' (mir) in Russian has different implications:
mir as the state of no-war
mir as society
mir as the world
Without a doubt, the story shifts between the universe of the Napoleonic conflicts, the universe of the Russian culture, and the internal spiritual universes of the the novel's fundamental characters: Russian aristocrats Andrey Bolkonsky, Natasha Rostova, and Pyotr (Pierre) Bezukhov. The critical subjects in War and Peace create through this large number of universes, creating a complex and multilayered texture.
Spirituality, two central male characters of the novel, Andrey Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov, reflect Tolstoy's own profound memoir. These characters question everything and hold themselves to the most noteworthy moral norms.
In his search for meaning, Pierre concludes that most people live ''like soldiers under fire", distracting themselves from thoughts of death by gambling, horses, and parties. At the end of the book, Pierre finds his life's purpose in working on his land and raising a large family. When we first meet Prince Andrey, he is a handsome and ambitious young officer, ready to sacrifice everything for a minute of glory. A near-death experience at the battle of Austerlitz makes him recognize his vanity. Going through multiple transformations in his spiritual search, towards the end of the novel, dying from war wounds, Andrey achieves complete harmony with the world. In these arrangement of qualities Tolstoy makes, love has an ability to stir the characters to another life. Lady Natasha Rostov is the courageous woman of the main love show in the book. She carries such arousing to Andrey Bolkonsky, yet just for a brief time. Tolstoy drives Natasha, his beloved female person, through preliminaries of affection, thwarted expectation, public disgrace, war hardships, and, eventually, development. Toward the finish of the novel, Natasha, wedded to Pierre Bezukhov, is a sensible mother of a huge family with ruined child sheets in her grasp, uncovering the extraordinary parts of affection.
Every family in the book is a different microcosm, mirroring Tolstoy's convictions in affection and marriage. The Rostovs are warm, cordial, and straightforward. They remain by their kids through their missteps and fancies, for example, Natasha's bombed elopement just before her wedding and her sibling Nikolai's betting. On the opposite finish of the range, the Kuragin family Vasilii Kuragin and his kids are unfeeling and ascertaining, intrigued distinctly in expanding riches and upgrading their societal position.
Toward the end of the novel, the group of Natasha and Pierre Bezukhov outlines Tolstoy's conviction that cheerful marriage is the best result of a profound hunt. Following quite a while of anguish, Natasha and Pierre complete each other in a cheerful association, bringing up youngsters, and dealing with their bequest.
Meanwhile Oblomov by Ivan Goncharo spotlights the life of the main character, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. Oblomov is a person from the upper working class and the child of a member of Russia's nineteenth-century landed nobility. Oblomov's distinctive trademark is his lethargic demeanor towards life. Oblomov raises this quality to an artistic expression, directing his little day by day business from his bed
The first part of the book finds Oblomov in bed one morning. He receives a letter from the manager of his country estate, Oblomovka, explaining that the financial situation is deteriorating and that he must visit to make some major decisions. But Oblomov can barely leave his bedroom, much less journey a thousand miles into the country.
As he sleeps, a dream reveals Oblomov's upbringing in Oblomovka.
He is never needed to work or perform family obligations, and his folks continually pull him from school for getaways and trips or for insignificant reasons. Interestingly, his companion Andrey Stoltz, brought into the world to a German dad and a Russian mother, is brought up in a severe, restrained climate, and he is committed and dedicated.
Stoltz visits toward the end of Part 1, at last stirring Oblomov from rest. As the story progresses, Stoltz acquaints Oblomov with a young lady, Olga, and the two fall head over heels. In any case, his lack of concern and dread of pushing ahead are excessively incredible, and she cancels their commitment when unmistakably he will continue deferring their wedding and trying not to take care of his undertakings.
Oblomov is cheated more than once by his companions Taranteyev and Ivan Matveyevich, his proprietor's sibling, and Stoltz needs to fix the harm each time. The last time, Oblomov winds up living in penury on the grounds that Taranteyev and Ivan Matveyevich are extorting him out of all of his pay from the nation domain, which goes on for longer than a year prior Stoltz finds the circumstance and reports Ivan Matveyevich to his manager. In the interim, Olga leaves Russia and visits Paris, where she chances upon Stoltz in the city. The two strike up a sentiment and end up marrying.
However, not even Oblomov could go through life without at least one moment of self-possession and purpose. When Taranteyev's behavior at last reaches insufferable lows, Oblomov confronts him, slaps him, and finally kicks him out of the house.
At some point before his demise he is visited by Stoltz, who had vowed to his significant other a last effort to take Oblomov back to the world. During this visit Stoltz discovers that Oblomov has married his widowed landlady, Agafia Pshenitsina, and had a child – named Andrey, after Stoltz. Stoltz realizes that he can no longer hope to reform Oblomov, and leaves. Oblomov spends the rest of his life in a second Oblomovka, continuing to be taken care of by Agafia Pshenitsina as he used to be taken care of as a child. She can prepare the food he likes, cares for the household, and makes sure that Oblomov does not have a single worrisome thought.
By then Oblomov had already accepted his fate, and during the conversation he mentions "Oblomovitis" as the real cause of his demise. Oblomov dies in his sleep, finally fulfilling his wish to sleep forever. Stoltz adopts his son upon his death.
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